![]() As evident by Loghmani et al, who studied the effect of IASTM on the knee MCL in rats, and found an increase in tissue perfusion and increase in the proportion of arteriole-sized blood vessels in the treated leg. IASTM affects the vascular response to the injured soft tissue, through increasing the blood flow. Cheatham et al, studies the effect of IASTM on DOMS (delayed onset muscle soreness) and the results found a decrease in the area of 2 point discrimination suggesting improved local tactile sense through mechanoreceptors stimulation and a decrease in the pain pressure threshold which suggest that light IASTM modulated the nociceptors ( small pain fibres) activity. Mechanosensitive neurons include mechanoreceptors which are responsible for two-point discrimination and mechano-nociceptors which are responsible for pain perception.Ī study by Weiqing Ge, found the IASTM changed the neural activity of the large mechanoreceptor neurons affecting the two-point discrimination. IASTM have a neurophysiological effect as it stimulates mechanosensitive neurons through skin deformation by the instrument. Thus, indicating micro trauma to damaged tissues, resulting in an acute fibroblast response. found morphologic changes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum following IM application. by concluding that IM significantly increased fibroblast production in rat Achilles tendons by using electron microscopy to analyze tissue samples following IM application. They concluded that fibroblast production is directly proportional to the magnitude of IASTM pressure used by the clinician. Gehlsen et al investigated the effects of 3 separate IASTM pressures on rat Achilles tendons. Fibroblasts have the ability to react as mechanotransducers, which means they are able to detect biophysical strain (deformation) such as compression, torque, shear and fluid flow, and create a mechanochemical response. ![]() The fibroblast synthesizes the ECM, which includes collagen, elastin and proteoglycans, among many other essential substances. The repair, regeneration and maintenance of soft tissue take place in the ECM. įibroblast is considered the most important cell in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Which result in a breakdown of scar tissues, adhesions and facial restrictions. The inflammatory response initiated through micro trauma to the affected tissues results in increased fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, maturation and the remodelling of unorganized collagen fibre matrix following IASTM application. Studies have addressed the benefits of IASTM at the cellular level. IASTM Physiology & Benefits Physiological Mechanism Inflammatory condition secondary to infection.Acute Ankle Sprains (Advanced Technique).Chronic Joint Swelling Associated with Sprains/Strains.Medial Epicondylitis, Lateral Epicondylitis.Conditions For Which IASTM is Usually Used Adhesions within the soft tissue which may have developed as a result of surgery, immobilization, repeated strain or other mechanisms, are broken down allowing full functional restoration to occur. Microtrauma initiates reabsorption of inappropriate fibrosis or excessive scar tissue and facilitates a cascade of healing activities resulting in remodelLing of affected soft tissue structures. The introduction of controlled microtrauma to affected soft tissue structure causes the stimulation of local inflammatory response. The ergonomic design of these instruments provides the clinician with the ability to locate restrictions and allows the clinician to treat the affected area with the appropriate amount of pressure. Instruments effectively break down fascial restrictions and scar tissue. However, Gua sha has different rationale, goals and application method from IASTM. Gua sha uses instruments with smoothed edges to scrape the skin till red blemishes occur. The technique itself is said to have evolved from Gua sha which is a method used in Chinese medicine. Ī proposed description for IASTM is “ a skilled intervention that includes the use of specialized tools to manipulate the skin, myofascia, muscles, and tendons by various direct compressive stroke techniques”. It is used for the detection and treatment of soft tissue disorders. It is applied using instruments that are usually made of stainless steel with bevelLed edges and contours that can conform to different body anatomical locations and allows for deeper penetration. It is based on the principles of James Cyriax cross-friction massage. Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) is a skilled myofascial intervention used for soft-tissue treatment.
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